Grade 10 History Page 2

 

       

 

A Citizenship test to see what you remember from Grade 9 History.

 

Grade 9 Citizenship Test for Grade 10.docx

 

 

 

The British ruled with a minority of upper class,english speaking Protestants

who controlled the economic and poltitical future of the British Province of Quebec.

 

The french habitants were french speaking . largely made up of lower class people,

Catholics ...and all under the influence of the Church.

 

With the Constitutional Act in 1791 people could now vote. However, difficulties

continued and eventually a new middle class,french speaking group formed.

 

This grew until the Patriotes rose up against the elite during the

Rebellions of 1837/1838.

 

This is where the course in Grade 10 usually starts....

 

The following is a summary of the Rebellions....

 

Rebellions of 1837-1838.pptx

  

 

 

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Sample type questions

 

pre-post 1791.docx

    

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This is the official start of the course

 

Notes -part 1. 

 

The following is a short summary of the 1791-1840 period

in chronological order. 

 

-creation of the United States in 1783

-arrival of the Loyalists in late 1770's and 1780's

-Constitutional Act 1791

-92 Resolutions published by the elected assembly

-Lord Russell's 10 Resolutions response

-The Rebellions 1837-1838

-Lord Durham Report 1839

-Act of Union 1840

-Responsible Government 1848 

 

 

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The following is a short clip about Liberalism in Lower Canada in the 1830's .

 

Watch les Fils de la Liberte...1838

 

https://www.historicacanada.ca/content/heritage-minutes/etienne-parent

 

 

 

Notes -part 2

 

The above video talks about people's rights and freedoms...freedom to vote, freedom to express opinions, freedom of religion...

 

This is called Liberalism, which is based on the principles of equality ,tolerance and freedom of expression.

 

 

There was an elected assembly but they had little power.

There was an appointed Executive and Legislative Council, but these were run by the governor.

 

He  could dissolve the assembly, and veto any laws.

 

Upper and Lower Canada was based on class differences.

However, in Lower Canada there was an added complication.

The English were the elite, or upper class, while the lower class were french speaking and Catholic.

 

 

Not only was there political conflict, there was class, religious and language clashes.

 

 

The Church often sided with the English speaking,upper class group....and often controlled the french speaking majority.

 

The concept of Ultramontanism is when the church often advises...or works

with or for  the government. Basically the church has quite a bit of power at

this point in Canadian History.

 

Simply put...Church over state.

 

 

 

Try this Ultramontanism Review question.

 

Ultramontanism Question.docx

 

 

In Lower Canada the upper class were referred to as "Le  Chateau Clique ". 

 

Le Canadien , and La Minerve newspapers became a voice of the people, a voice of the middle and lower classes.... the voice of the Patriote and Canadien political parties.

 

It was a way to protest against the elite. They were shut down by the governor.

 

 

Liberalism in more detail....

Liberalism.pptx

 

 

Quick checklist:

-I understand Ultramontanism and Liberalism and I could

recognize key words within the text. 

 

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 Notes -part 3   The Act of Union 1840

 

Pages 30-32 

-a quick review of the Durham report which led to the Act of Union.   

Durham Powerpoint.pptx

 

 

The Act of Union of 1840 was  passed in large part to the Durham Report.

 

Durham came here to investigate the causes of the Rebellions and spent most

of his time with the upper class.

 

He had a famous quote...which was half correct...

"I see 2 nations warring in the bosom of a single state"

 

Quick Questions

1. What do you think this quote means?

2. Was Durham correct?

3. Why was this a narrow view of the Rebellions in Lower Canada?

Hint...he forgot...

 

 

In 1839 He wrote his report and it made

2 recommendations....

 

-unite the 2 Canadas

-grant the colony responsible government

 

The Act of Union created one elected assembly with 84 seats.

 The language of the assembly was English.

 

 

It renamed Lower Canada Canada East. This would later become Quebec. 

 

Upper Canada would now be called Canada West. This would later become Ontario.

  

This guaranteed that the French in Canada East(Quebec)had less of a say in government and therefore less power.

 

I can explain why according to the Act of Union, it guaranteed that the English would have more power over the French. Think...now answer..

 

They would always remain a power minority in Canada East, despite being the majority language group because......._________________________________

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It also allowed the government to absorb some debt from Canada West

which was clearly not fair.

 

It also created a new colony called United Canada made up of 

Canada West and Canada East. 

 

Responsible government was only passed in 1848 after many struggles on the part

of the Reformers in Canada East and West.

 

 

 

 Quick questions

 

1.How does the diagram from the Act of Union 1840 below differ from the

Constitutional Act diagram?

 

2.How does the following diagram represent aspects of assimilation?

 

 

Quick checklist on the Act of Union.

-I know the reason the Act of Union was passed

-I know what the goal was of the Act of Union

-I know the structure, the assembly , the councils and the governor.

-I know it was not responsible government

-I know how it will lead to alliances with the Reformers in the 1840's

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I knows Activity

 

Write a text with the following items / terms

 

Constitutional Act 1791 / responsible government  / no responsible government

voting  / appointed  /union of the 2 Canadas / Act of Union 1840  / Durham Report

Rebellions 1837 1838 / Parti Patriote   /Councils  /elected assembly  / veto power

 

 

Practice Activity Break it Down

 

Break it down activity Durham.docx

 

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Notes -part 4

 

 

The following is an excellent summary of what we have done so far....

1791-1840 powerpoint.pptx 

 

 

1840-1850  Pages 33- 35

 

In the years that followed, 2 people led the charge for Responsible government.

  

 Robert Baldwin and Louis H . Lafontaine called themselves

 the Reformers and were asked to form a government in the

early - mid 1840's.

 

They were also referred to as the alliance of Reformers.

 

Their main challengers were the Conservatives or Tories

who often sided with the Governor.

 

Let's look at an interesting story below of how their alliance actually worked...

https://www.historicacanada.ca/content/heritage-minutes/baldwin-lafontaine

 

Quick Question:

 

Characterize the relationship between Baldwin and 

Lafontaine in the 1840-1844 period.

Answer: 

 

 

-the Reformers took more of a day to day role in governing the colony .

-the executive council would now be chosen by the Assembly.

-this is known as ministerial responsibility

 

 -the governor still had the veto according to the Act of Union....

but would he use it? 

 

Nova Scotia got Responsible Government first.

 

It was extended to the United Canada province in 1848.

 

With the passage of the Rebellion Losses Bill in 1849,

the governor did not use his veto power. 

 

Thus...Responsible Government

 

 

This is actually how it happened in the United Canada

 

https://www.historicacanada.ca/content/heritage-minutes/responsible-government

 

 

Responsible government chart is below-characteristics

 

-arrows upward from the people meaning most people are voted in

-everyone in power is elected or appointed by an elected person

-ministers /cabinet / PM responsible to assembly who is elected

-power rests with elected peoples' representatives....no veto power

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A quick summary on government in Canada...

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqV9LWie2bs

 

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 Notes part 5

 

Economics 

p. 42-43 docs 18-20.

 

 

The following sheet should either be printed out , or copied down..

 

Timber Trade Web.pdf  

 

 

The following ppt. will explain all concepts concerning Economics.

 

Economics 1800-1867.pptx

 

 

In the early 1800's the Napoleonic wars hit Europe.

Napoleon blocked off Great Britain's access to wood sources in Scandinavian Europe.

 

Great Britain looked to Canada...specifically Upper Canada

 for its wood to build ships. 

 

Great Britain adopted a policy of Protectionism...or protecting its 

colony from foreign competition. Basically they bought and supported the 

timber economy of Canada through the use of preferential tariffs.

 

This lowered the price on goods coming from Canada....specifically timber.

 

Think of the India vs. Russia example.

 

Tariffs are taxes, or duties , on products coming into the country. They can be

preferential (lower price) or protective(increase price).

 

The economy of the BNA colonies grew as a result.

 

-the timber trade grew and led to overall increase in the economy

of Upper and Lower Canada on many levels.

 

Effects

 -Canals were built and infrastructure increased. Lachine, Welland, Rideau, Erie canals

-Banks were founded and money and investment became plentiful.

-Cities grew as a result and new territories opened up.

(Mauricie, Saguenay, Trois Rivieres, Ottawa Valley

 

********timber exports increased as our greatest trading partner became our mother country Britain.

 

 

However, in 1846 Great Britain abandoned its Protectionist policies and

adopted Free Trade. This essentially involves no tariffs and the BNA colonies were now on their own...economically.

 

Its logical trading  partner was the United States. They shared a border,

canals and railways. 

 

Therefore in 1854 Canada and the United States signed the

Reciprocity Treaty...which was effectively a free trade agreement. 

 

Certain natural products were exempt from the agreement but

Canada went on to benefit greatly from this treaty....so much so that it

was not renewed by the Americans in 1866.

 

The BNA colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, United Canada (Quebec and Ontario),PEI and Newfoundland could come together to create a larger, common market for their products. This led to more internal trade.

 

In the same year the Reciprocity Treaty was not renewed the BNA colonies started to discuss creating a unified, common domestic economic market.

Basically, they would trade with each province in a new country.

 

Question:

 

How could the non renewal of Reciprocity Treaty by the Americans

be considered an economic reason for the creation of Canada?

 

Answer:

 

 

 

Economics Concepts 1800-1850 crossword.docx

 

 

 

Quick checklist:

Timber Trade

_I filled out the Timber Trade sheet in my first notes package.

 

Economics

-I did the crossword puzzle in Package 2

-I know the concepts of  Free Trade and Protectionism. 

-I know what a tariff is, ( preferential and protective) and how it ties

into Protectionism 

-I know that Britain abandoned Protectionism in 1846, and as a result

Canada East and West signed the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854.

 

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   Review

 

I have worked on my skills this unit and know where my strengths and weaknesses are. Make sure you go through the Unit Test Checker. 

 

Unit Test -Checker

 

Have you...

-got all the notes for the unit____

-all the handouts for the unit ____

-gone through the checklists_____

-understand  the Rebellions / Durham Report /Act of Union ___

-understand Liberalism and Ultramontanism by key words or phrases___

-understand British Protectionism / Preferential Tariffs / Free Trade /Reciprocity Treaty____

-got the Timber trade pdf...or copied it down_____

-identify a Responsible Government diagram and how it is different from C Act and Act of Union diagram_________